Chemical conversions of biomass has provided different types of chemicals, including alcohols, aldehydes, acids, furanics, estersEsters and etc. Among these moleculesMolecules, organic acidsOrganic acids are the most appealing ones withWith numerous applications in synthetic building blocks, polymer monomersMonomers, cosmetic ingredients and food additives. By taking advantage of the native structures of biomass resource, a series of acids withWith unique structures, e.g. formic acidFormic acids (AA), acetic acidAcetic acid, succinic acidSuccinic acid (SA), levulinic acidLevulinic acid (LA), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)), gluconic acid and amino acidsAmino acids, can be selectively obtained. A great deal of achievements have been made in the production of these organic acidsOrganic acids from biomass feedstockFeedstocks withWith either heterogeneous catalysisHeterogeneous catalysis or homogeneous catalysis processes. Heterogeneous catalysts own several inspiring features and played the central role in establishing the green and economic transformationTransformations systems. Thus, a systematic review on the important advances in this area is urgently important. In this chapter, we aim to systematically review the recent advances on the production of organic acidsOrganic acids from biomass and its derivatives over heterogeneous metallic catalystsMetallic catalysts. The content will be cataloged by the carbon numbers of organic acidsOrganic acids, especially C1–C6 organic acidsOrganic acids. Organic acidsOrganic acids withWith more than six carbons constructed by multiple small biomass moleculesMolecules are out of the scope. The feedstockFeedstocks for organic acidOrganic acids production includes polysaccharidePolysaccharides (cellulose, chitinChitin, monosaccharidesMonosaccharides, etc.), platform moleculesMolecules (5-hydroxylfurfural (HMF), LA, furfural, etc.) and biomass derived moleculesMolecules (glycerolGlycerol, guaiacolGuaiacol, furfuryl alcoholFurfuryl alcohol, etc.). The catalysts developed for the conversions are supported metal catalysts, metal oxides, heteropoly acids, zeolitesZeolites, and etc. Detailed information regarding catalyst synthesisSyntheses, reaction selectivity, and catalytic performance will be revealed. Special attention will be paid to the structure-reactivity relationship between catalytic sites and production distributionDistribution. Finally, challenges and prospects of heterogeneous catalysisHeterogeneous catalysis in organic acidOrganic acids production from biomass are highlighted.

Chemical Conversions of Biomass into Organic Acids over Heterogeneous Metallic Catalysts

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发表日期：

2025年

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Yao-Bing Huang

摘要

Chemical conversions of biomass has provided different types of chemicals, including alcohols, aldehydes, acids, furanics, estersEsters and etc. Among these moleculesMolecules, organic acidsOrganic acids are the most appealing ones withWith numerous applications in synthetic building blocks, polymer monomersMonomers, cosmetic ingredients and food additives. By taking advantage of the native structures of biomass resource, a series of acids withWith unique structures, e.g. formic acidFormic acids (AA), acetic acidAcetic acid, succinic acidSuccinic acid (SA), levulinic acidLevulinic acid (LA), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)), gluconic acid and amino acidsAmino acids, can be selectively obtained. A great deal of achievements have been made in the production of these organic acidsOrganic acids from biomass feedstockFeedstocks withWith either heterogeneous catalysisHeterogeneous catalysis or homogeneous catalysis processes. Heterogeneous catalysts own several inspiring features and played the central role in establishing the green and economic transformationTransformations systems. Thus, a systematic review on the important advances in this area is urgently important. In this chapter, we aim to systematically review the recent advances on the production of organic acidsOrganic acids from biomass and its derivatives over heterogeneous metallic catalystsMetallic catalysts. The content will be cataloged by the carbon numbers of organic acidsOrganic acids, especially C1–C6 organic acidsOrganic acids. Organic acidsOrganic acids withWith more than six carbons constructed by multiple small biomass moleculesMolecules are out of the scope. The feedstockFeedstocks for organic acidOrganic acids production includes polysaccharidePolysaccharides (cellulose, chitinChitin, monosaccharidesMonosaccharides, etc.), platform moleculesMolecules (5-hydroxylfurfural (HMF), LA, furfural, etc.) and biomass derived moleculesMolecules (glycerolGlycerol, guaiacolGuaiacol, furfuryl alcoholFurfuryl alcohol, etc.). The catalysts developed for the conversions are supported metal catalysts, metal oxides, heteropoly acids, zeolitesZeolites, and etc. Detailed information regarding catalyst synthesisSyntheses, reaction selectivity, and catalytic performance will be revealed. Special attention will be paid to the structure-reactivity relationship between catalytic sites and production distributionDistribution. Finally, challenges and prospects of heterogeneous catalysisHeterogeneous catalysis in organic acidOrganic acids production from biomass are highlighted.