Urban sustainability involves reducing and managing pollution emissions within cities to maintain environmental quality and public health. Urban areas often have high population densities, intricate transport network and dense commercial and industrial areas, which can compound existing environmental and health issue cities with their concentrated population and infrastructure are especially vulnerable to certain effects of climate change and other environmental stresses like heatweaves, flash flood, pollution, noise and soil contamination. In Europe, cities were exposed to levels of air pollution by fine particulate matters above the WHO guidelines. All these aspects have disproportionate impact on vulnerable segments of population and can exacerbate social challenges like segregation, poverty and inequality. Historically, municipalites have played crucial role in improving waste, wastewater and water management, public transport and land use via integrated urban planning approaches, CO2 emissions proxies to quantify urban CO2 emissions in many cities. China is an important intermediate case with rapid urban area growth combined with slower per capita CO2 emissions growth. Many cities also have taken leadership on greenhouse gas mitigation, pledging ambitious reduction targets. Pollution is result of economic growth and urbanization. Air pollution has been progressively recognized as serious problem for cities, through widespread effects on health and well being. Respiratory health disease and social inequality have increased due to air pollution and COVID-19 pandemic. Urban sustainability is crucial for mitigating the adverse impacts of rapid urbanization on environmental quality and public health. Strategies for sustainability include promoting renewable energy adoption, enhancing public transportation infrastructure, implementing green building practices.