Negative Partial Density of States

We first give an introduction to Argand diagram (AD) and Burgers circuit (BC). We then show that phase of the wave-function in different model systems can be understood in general using BC. This includes the new discontinuous phase change discussed in Chap. 2 that is understood as due to sub-loops in AD that is possible only in mesoscopic regime. The three prong potential is introduced and it is shown that the discontinuous phase change has continuous counterparts that lead to the dramatic effect that PDOS can become negative. Such continuous counterparts were not known in case of classical waves. FSR like rules can also be understood in terms of BC. General proofs are provided that make our results independent of the models used for demonstration. Finally, we re-interpret some existing experimental data with respect to Burgers circuit.