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Microbial nitrogen transformations in soils are closely related to soil health. Recent advances in soil microbial analysis enable us to determine a detailed picture of microbial processes in soils, leading to novel soil management strategies for soil health. Waterlogged paddy soils have anoxic zones where microorganisms actively drive nitrogen fixation. Our metatranscriptomic analysis and bacterial isolation studies revealed that iron-reducing bacteria predominant in paddy soils are potent drivers of nitrogen fixation in these soils. We hypothesized that adding ferric iron to paddy soil as an electron acceptor for the respiration of iron-reducing bacteria would enhance their nitrogen-fixing activity and boost paddy rice productivity. We verified this hypothesis by laboratory and field experiments. Iron application to soil with straw incorporation enhanced the nitrogen-fixing activity of iron-reducing bacteria, enabling rice cultivation with lower nitrogen fertilizer input and reduced environmental nitrogen burden. These findings will lead to novel and practical paddy soil management for soil health.

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Discovery of Previously Overlooked Microbial Drivers of Nitrogen Fixation in Paddy Soil, Iron-Reducing Bacteria, and Application to Low Nitrogen Input Agriculture

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Yoko Masuda,
  • Weishou Shen,
  • Keishi Senoo

摘要

Microbial nitrogen transformations in soils are closely related to soil health. Recent advances in soil microbial analysis enable us to determine a detailed picture of microbial processes in soils, leading to novel soil management strategies for soil health. Waterlogged paddy soils have anoxic zones where microorganisms actively drive nitrogen fixation. Our metatranscriptomic analysis and bacterial isolation studies revealed that iron-reducing bacteria predominant in paddy soils are potent drivers of nitrogen fixation in these soils. We hypothesized that adding ferric iron to paddy soil as an electron acceptor for the respiration of iron-reducing bacteria would enhance their nitrogen-fixing activity and boost paddy rice productivity. We verified this hypothesis by laboratory and field experiments. Iron application to soil with straw incorporation enhanced the nitrogen-fixing activity of iron-reducing bacteria, enabling rice cultivation with lower nitrogen fertilizer input and reduced environmental nitrogen burden. These findings will lead to novel and practical paddy soil management for soil health.