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Ultrasmall nanoparticlesUltrasmall renal clearable nanoparticles have a significant role in revolutionizing healthcare, particularly in the realms of diagnostics and personalized medicine. This chapter discusses the various synthesis routes of ultra-small renal clearable nanoparticles for such applications. The focus is on nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm, which are crucial for efficient renal clearance and minimizing long-term toxicity. The chapter explores different synthesis methods, including chemical, biological, and physical approaches, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The unique properties of metal, alloy, metal oxide, rare earth-based, and carbon-based nanoparticles are discussed in the context of their suitability for medical imaging modalities such as MRIMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT, PET, and fluorescence imaging. Emphasis is placed on the importance of size control, surface modification, and biocompatibility to ensure the nanoparticles’ effectiveness and safety in clinical applications. These ultrasmall nanoparticles, characterized by their high surface area, enhanced reactivity, and prolonged circulation time, are particularly suited for medical imaging applications, offering improved contrast and resolution across modalities like MRIMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT, PET, and multimodal imaging.

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Review of Various Synthesis Routes of Ultrasmall Renal Clearable Nanoparticles for Medical Imaging Applications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • B. C. Bhadrapriya,
  • Bosely Anne Bose,
  • Nandakumar Kalarikkal,
  • Murukeshan Vadakke Matham,
  • Parasuraman Padmanabhan,
  • Sabu Thomas

摘要

Ultrasmall nanoparticlesUltrasmall renal clearable nanoparticles have a significant role in revolutionizing healthcare, particularly in the realms of diagnostics and personalized medicine. This chapter discusses the various synthesis routes of ultra-small renal clearable nanoparticles for such applications. The focus is on nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm, which are crucial for efficient renal clearance and minimizing long-term toxicity. The chapter explores different synthesis methods, including chemical, biological, and physical approaches, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The unique properties of metal, alloy, metal oxide, rare earth-based, and carbon-based nanoparticles are discussed in the context of their suitability for medical imaging modalities such as MRIMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT, PET, and fluorescence imaging. Emphasis is placed on the importance of size control, surface modification, and biocompatibility to ensure the nanoparticles’ effectiveness and safety in clinical applications. These ultrasmall nanoparticles, characterized by their high surface area, enhanced reactivity, and prolonged circulation time, are particularly suited for medical imaging applications, offering improved contrast and resolution across modalities like MRIMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT, PET, and multimodal imaging.