In the last few decades, the demand for high-precision components has increased. These components have a wide range of industrial applications in space and aeronautics, optics, electronic devices, and medical and life sciences. Ultra-precision machining technologies play an increasingly important role in the precision manufacturing process. Ductile materials, such as aluminum, copper, and other metals, can be machined by single-point diamond turning (SPDT) or other deterministic ultra-precision machining technologies such as ultra-precision raster milling and tool servo machining. However, for difficult-to-machine materials, such as ceramics, silicon carbide, glass, and semiconductor materials, they are primarily machined by ultra-precision grinding technology. With the continuous development of modern science and technology, precision, ultra-precision machining technology is increasingly becoming the mainstay of machining. Nowadays, precision, ultra-precision machining technology is more and more precision, from the micron level, nanoscale processing gradually to the atomic level of machining process technology. Ultra-precision machining technology is an indispensable and important foundation of modern equipment manufacturing industry, and it is also an important development direction of modern manufacturing science as well as machining. Precision, ultra-precision machining is no longer limited to the national level of very important causes but has entered the national economy and all aspects of our lives.