Andhra Pradesh is an agrarian state with three major physiographic units, viz., South Deccan Plateau, Eastern Ghats and Coastal plains, and is divided into six agro ecological zones. Various constraints like fragile ecosystems, increasing competition for land and water, lack of infrastructure, low-risk bearing capacity, poor market linkages, price volatility, etc., limit productivity levels in the areas congregated by small farmers which ultimately restricts livelihood enhancement. Many indigenous practices are followed by farmers in different agro ecological zones for sowing, moisture conservation, soil conservation, soil fertility improvement, pest and disease control. The adoption of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) blended with modern agricultural technologies can be a viable option towards enhancing agronomic productivity. In high altitude slopes laying of stone bunds around the fields across the slope to prevents soil erosion and conserve moisture. For acidic soil of high altitude and hilly areas Lime application at 4–2 q ha−3 increases crop yield up to 42%. In rain-fed conditions of Rayalaseema region, (i) the farm mechanization saved the cost of cultivation up to 35% and improved farm income by up to 28%; intercropping of groundnut and pigeon pea in 7:1 ratio performed well recording a B:C ratio of 2.41:1 with assured returns even when one crop fails. (ii) Farm pond technology with dimensions of 15 m × 15 m (L × B) and a minimum depth of 2 m retains at least 450 m3 of run-off which provides 1–2 supplemental irrigations to crops enhancing the yields up to 40%, pre-sowing irrigation for sowing of rabi crops or vegetable crops and fetches economic returns up to Rs 40,000/ha. (iii) In situ moisture conservation techniques conserved up to 28% more moisture resulting in 18–20% higher crop production. In coastal plains, (i) machine transplanting of rice not only reduces the cost of cultivation by 8.1% and increases rice grain yield by up to 12.3% but also overcomes the problem of labour shortage; (ii) soil test-based fertilizer application ensures balanced nutrition in soil and saved up to Rs. 4260/ha and (iii) waterlogged saline soils of the coastal region can be managed by the installation of subsurface drainage to leach the soluble salts effectively. The technology reduced the ECe from 16.2 to 3.5 dS/m and increased the paddy yield by 15–30%. The diseases and insect pests of different kharif and rabi crops, causing on average 15–20% losses, can be minimized by blending modern scientific technologies with ITKs.