In north Karnataka indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)-based practices remain in use by the vast majority of the farming community particularly in resource-poor farming situations, without the knowledge of its scientific rationality. In this context, validating and blending of indigenous knowledge with modern scientific technologies is the need of the day to support the sustainable development of agriculture and allied sectors in our country, and the chapter discusses these issues in the context of Karnataka state. Soil moisture under sand mulch was observed as 85–95% high over unmulched soil because of increased rainwater retention and reduced evaporation. It also increased green gram grain yield from 2.5 to 10 q ha−1, sunflower 3 to 12.5 q ha−1, and rabi sorghum 2 to 10 q ha−1. The application of tank silt + crop residue in set furrows (135 cm) recorded a significantly higher volume of water (28.58 cm) than farmers’ practice (16.39 cm) in the top 100 cm soil depth and reduced the water deficit in the crop root zone and runoff (3.86 and 26.39 mm, respectively). The practice of tank silt + crop residue addition also resulted in 77.24% of higher pearl millet yield (1737 kg ha−1) over farmers’ practice (980 kg ha−1). Under late planting situations, transplanting of cotton at 90 cm × 90 cm spacing caused higher seed cotton yield (32%) over farmers’ practice of dibbling of seeds. In northern Karnataka, nipping of 5–6 cm of main shoot tip growth in pigeon peas at 20–25 days after transplanting or between 50 and 55 days of germination and pruning of the secondary branch tips is recommended to promote the development of a large number of tertiary shoots which bear more number of pods, thus increasing the yield by 30–50%. In wheat crop, the use of panchagavaya resulted in the highest per cent of uredospore inhibition (52.55%) followed by cow urine (47.86%) and buttermilk (45.97%).