Despite considerable progress in irrigation development over the years, 85% of coarse cereals, 83% pulses, 42% rice, 70% oil seeds and 65% cotton are still cultivated as rain-fed. Since 2005 the rain-fed farming community has been facing many challenges due to climate change. Under such conditions, natural resource management holds the key to imparting resilience to agriculture against climate-related vulnerabilities. The Modern Scientific Technologies blended with ITKs with proper knowledge and backstopping to extension personnel and farmers observed very encouraging results, viz., (i) application of 50% N through chemical fertilizers with 50% N through crop residue and Leucaena loppings, (ii) energy, labour and time are reduced by 20–30% in cost of cultivation due to mechanization, (iii) adoption of in situ moisture conservation techniques conserved 30–35% more moisture resulting in 20–25% increase in crop production, (iv) intercropping of chickpea:coriander in 2:2 or 5:2 ratio on BBF in which coriander will act as a trap crop for minimizing pest attack on main crop chickpea with protective irrigation from excess runoff water harvested in farm pond perform best, (v) losses due to diseases and insect pests of crops can be minimized by 15–25% adopting MSTs blended with ITKs, and (vi) integrated farming system (IFS) model for rain-fed area comprises 50% crop component, 40% horticulture component, 5% animal component and 5% farm pond and found to be economically viable for small dryland farmers under the Scarcity Zone of Maharashtra. The average net returns from the crop component were 11%, horticulture component 10% and animal component 79%. At present, 40–50% area has been occupied by these dryland technologies. Therefore, by adopting ITKs blended with MSTs for rain-fed soils of Maharashtra an increase in yield by 1.5–2 times of the present yield can be achieved and thus double the farmers’ net income.