Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) of the Jharkhand state has great potential to fulfil future requirements as these technologies mostly use locally available materials, and farmers are well versed with these technologies. However, these technologies need modification and refinement scientifically before their large-scale implementation in similar agroecosystems. Attempts have been made in this article to compile traditional or indigenous knowledge of farmers of the Jharkhand state on the management of soils, water conservation, crop management, nutrient management, plant protection, and animal husbandry. The agroforestry systems and shelterbelts, apart from conserving soil from erosion, can add 18.6 Mg C ha−1 in the top 50 cm of soil. An additional 3–8 Mg C ha−1 is added by the tree litter layer. In INM, the substitution of 50% N through FYM, 50% RDF in maize, and 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer in wheat recorded the highest system productivity (wheat-equivalent yield of 8.2 t/ha) and net returns (Rs 51,196/ha) in maize-wheat cropping system. Conservation agricultural practices in wheat-based cropping systems increase dehydrogenase activity (54.7%), fluorescein diacetate activity (6.50%), alkaline phosphatases (4%), urease (4.80%), soil organic carbon (8.71%), and soil microbial biomass (13.4%) in the soil. The use of paddy straw as mulch reduces weed growth by 12.5–52.7% in wheat crops. By laser land levelling, farmers can save irrigation water by 21% and energy by 31% and obtain 6.6%, 5.4%, and 10.9% higher yields in rice, wheat, and sugarcane, respectively. Leaves of parsa/sali controlled 70–80% disease intensity of caseworm and gall fly in rice, and effectiveness was similar to the application of Carbofuran. By mixing horse dropping @100 kg/ha in the soil through ploughing, termites can be controlled by 70% in the sugarcane field. This delves into the possible blending of ITK with modern scientific technologies (MSTs) and listing doable technologies for greater popularity and use by the farmers of the region or similar situations that exist elsewhere. The article would help in formulating the agricultural policies, or their modification, which should include ITK with modern practices to make Indian agriculture more sustainable and also profitable.