The central region is relatively well-developed as compared to the other regions in Uttar Pradesh (UP), consisting of ten districts viz. Barabanki, Fatehpur, Hardoi, Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Khiri, Lucknow, Raibareilly, Sitapur, and Unnao. It is an eco-region that ranges from dry sub-humid to semi-arid. The agriculture in the central region is mainly irrigated, diverse, complex, and risky owing to increasing vulnerability to the frequent and unseasonal extreme weather conditions. The central region has been filled with significant wisdom and understanding of indigenous and traditional agriculture practices (TAPs) that farmers have been following for a long time. The people of this region practice a variety of Indigenous technical knowledge (ITKs) for natural resource management (soil, water, and nutrients), crop protection, post-harvest management, environmental management, and ways to predict-assess-mitigate climate anomalies. These indigenous techniques are region/area-specific, dependable, effective, and long-lasting. However, the introduction of modern agricultural practices has pushed the use of chemical-based inputs and high-yielding varieties (HYVs), but it has also resulted in ignorance of Indigenous knowledge of ITKs and a greater preference for high-profit-oriented agriculture practices. Many examples of blending ITK with improved practices in central UP are crop residue and soil mulching which reduces cost by Rs. 2500–3000/ha, water saving by 20%, and yield enhancement by 20%, saving of fertilizers by 25% with integrated nutrient management (INM) practices, and promotion of agroforestry models for enhancing productivity. As a result, identifying and documenting relevant and profitable ITKs/TAPs in central is essential. Furthermore, an appropriate coalition between traditional and modern knowledge and technology systems has immense potential to increase food security in the central region of UP.