Cold deserts in Himachal Pradesh are restricted to Lahaul and Spiti district and some adjoining parts of Chamba and Kinnaur. The region falls in dry temperate zone of state having great diversity of climate due to variation in altitude, topography and geographical location. The climate during spring and summer seasons (April–October) is comparatively mild during which rabi and some kharif crops are grown simultaneously as this is the only cropping season here. Remote and hard locations along with harsh inhospitable climatic conditions pose a great challenge for the resource poor tribal farmers of the region. However, farmers have developed over the years indigenous crop management practices based on the location-specific climatic conditions and availability of resources. Local technical know-how includes crop rotation, management and use of cattle dung, harvesting snow melt, irrigating fields before winters to form a frozen surface layer for better moisture availability at the time of sowing in April, etc. Through these practices farmers had been producing enough to meet their own requirements. However, now with increase in population and market demand, farmers of this region are shifting toward growing high value crops with use of chemical fertilizers and other agro-chemicals. However, keeping in view the highly fragile ecosystem of this region, there is a need to build up sustainable systems having harmony with nature. Some Buddhist dominant regions, especially in Spiti valley and parts of Kinnaur are still following agro ecologically safe chemical free practices (organic and natural farming). This chapter contains the traditional practices and the outcome of blending with modern practices like integrated nutrient management with combined use of organic manures like FYM, vermi-compost etc. and inorganic fertilizers which save chemical fertilizers up to 50%. Use of scarce water resources through micro-irrigation systems can save 60–80% of available waters. Other examples which avoid input of chemical insecticides up to 30% are: tying jute bags around trunk of fruit trees to trap the larvae of Indian Gypsy Moth and applying fine slurry of clay soil and cow dung on affected parts of apple trees to control canker.