Heritage conservation is integral to inclusive development as it ensures the protection of cultural and historical assets for future generations. This paper is based on the case of Srirangam temple town, the world's largest operational temple, which embodies the complexity of preserving cultural heritage and achieving sustainable urban development. The paper employs exploratory study utilizing various primary and secondary data sources, including literature study, visual surveys, and interviews with a diverse array of stakeholders. The parameters for the study focus on identifying the historical and cultural significance of Srirangam, the challenges faced by the temple town and deriving strategies to mitigate them. Drawing daily crowds of thousands, and lakhs during the festive seasons, the temple’s prominence has led to compelling urban issues. The sacred temple streets have now commercialized, inducing congestion in the temple town. The foundation of the ancient temple ramparts are now imperiled by improper sewage management. The paper identifies such critical challenges that have led to a change in the temple landscape and discusses retrofitting strategies for the same. These strategies will help conserve the cultural, ecological, and historical importance of Srirangam and simultaneously promote sustainable urban development. In conclusion, this research extends beyond analyzing Srirangam's challenges, serving as a valuable resource for urban planners, architects, authorities, and communities dealing with identical issues. Further, Srirangam depicts the similar challenges encountered by temple towns across India and highlights the need for innovative sustainable strategies that safeguard cultural heritage, and promote inclusive urban development.