In order to study the distribution of winding deformation under short-circuit condition of transformer, this paper analyzes the short-circuit condition of a 750 kV transformer based on finite element simulation software. The finite element simulation software is used to construct the electric magnetic force multi-physical field model of 750 kV oil-immersed transformer, set up the short-circuit of the low voltage side of the windings, and carry out the calculation of the electromagnetic field, electromagnetic force and deformation of the transformer, and analyze the distribution of the magnetic field of the core, the axial and amplitude force of the windings, and the winding displacement in 0.01 s after the transformer is short-circuited, and the obtained laws are: The magnetic field density in the middle position of the iron core is the largest, the overall density of the winding amplitude electromagnetic force more than the overall density of the winding axial electromagnetic force, and the larger displacement of the winding occurs in the range of 1/5–4/5 of the winding height.