To solve the problem of difficulty in simulating dynamic sweep damage of lightning current, this paper established a new lightning current sweep damage test system using motors and launch wheels. The speed of the test piece and the temperature during the damage process were measured by high-speed cameras and infrared thermometers. The speed of the test piece was 34 m/s and the temperature exceeded 600 °C. At the same time, a new lightning current component C generator topology and control method were proposed. The load current and inductor current were used to form a double closed-loop PI negative feedback controller to ensure that the load current meets the standard output requirements. The study in this paper has certain guiding significance for the direct effect sweep damage assessment of composite materials and the design of lightning current generators.