Contemporary societySociety is characterized by the intensive use of knowledgeKnowledge, which has brought about important changes in the way knowledgeKnowledge is managed and used to address economic, social, and environmental issues. Achieving these goals faces different challenges and has opportunities in various areas, including political, legal, regulatory, and ethical. The purpose of this study was to analyze the technological progress of biotechnologyBiotechnology with a special emphasis on green biotechnologyGreen biotechnology as an emerging area of knowledgeKnowledge and to identify its associated problems, in addition to carrying out an in-depth literature review on knowledgeKnowledge societySociety, biotechnologyBiotechnology, and sustainabilitySustainability. For this purpose, we analyzed patent documents (patent applications and granted patents) and networks to identify the main technological advances in green biotechnologyGreen biotechnology, particularly in biofertilizers, biopesticides, and compost. Our results allowed us to identify the main jurisdictions and applicants, as well as the most relevant technological sectors in this field. Although cutting-edge technologiesTechnology and significant advances are in place, the technical, economic, and social challenges demanded by the knowledgeKnowledge societySociety highlight the need to increase the pace of progress to benefit the population and to move sustainable developmentSustainable development forward.