Hypothesis of Hemifacial Spasm
摘要
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a common disease in functional neurosurgery, which is featured by uncontrollable contractions of facial muscles, strictly limited in one side. This can cause physical discomfort, emotional distress, and impair quality of life. While the exact cause remains unknown [1], the leading theory attributes HFS to compression of the cranial nerve VII at its root exit zone (REZ) [2, 3]. This compression, typically by arteries like the anterior inferior cerebellar, posterior inferior cerebellar or vertebral, disrupts nerve signals, leading to the involuntary muscle contractions. Interestingly, close neighboring between the arteries and the facial nerve is actually quite frequent, occurring in over half the population with no symptoms [4]. It suggests that additional factors beyond compression, still under investigation, contribute to the development of HFS.