The rising prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a major concern and formidable challenge for nutrition policies in India. However, the multifaceted aetiology of DBM needs contextual understanding to design appropriate interventions. Various strategies have been implemented to mitigate the effect of nutrition transition and promote healthy diets. Food system-based interventions appear promising for addressing the challenges in a sustainable manner. However, these interventions do not integrate nutritional needs adequately. This chapter gives an overview of the current nutritional status among Indians, the determinants that influence DBM and role of food systems in addressing the nutrition crisis. The chapter also enlists evidence-based strategies such as diversifying diets, climate smart food systems, promoting nutrient dense foods that would help in achieving optimum nutritional outcomes.