The impending challenges posed by climate change along with the consequences it will have on soil health, water quality, and food production highlight the need for revolutionary changes in Indian agriculture. This book chapter spotlights the critical need for carbon farming to reduce global warming and improve agricultural sustainability through various techniques, including soil carbon enhancement, agroforestry, and cover crops. The potential benefits of carbon farming in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) could improve agricultural output, protect farmers’ livelihoods, and strengthen ecosystem health, providing a viable response to current issues. Critical prerequisites for successful carbon farming, including the utilization of carbon credits and green incentives, are scrutinized, offering a nuanced comprehension of the market mechanisms supporting these initiatives. Government policy interventions, notably the National Mission on Natural Farming and the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, actively promote sustainable agriculture techniques. This emphasizes how cooperative efforts are required to move agriculture in the direction of a sustainable and carbon-sequestering paradigm. This all-encompassing strategy, which includes creative methods, encouraging laws, and farmer empowerment, creates a positive trajectory toward a day when agriculture will both serve the world’s food needs and promote environmental resilience and health. In light of this, a forward-looking viewpoint highlights the revolutionary potential of carbon farming as a cornerstone for eco-friendly farming practices and global nutritional security within the framework of carbon capture farming potentials and strategies aimed at accomplishing India’s SDGs.