Earthquakes are very devastating natural disasters that not only destroy human lives but also hurt entire nations. It is essential to understand how structures react to seismic pressures and their vulnerability in order to reduce the effects of these calamities. Due to the growing number of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in earthquake-prone areas, research into how these structures behave under seismic loads is of great interest. We can create measures to reduce the economic effects of earthquakes and improve the resilience of communities facing this natural hazard by analyzing the vulnerability features of these structures. This study investigated the seismic behavior of two different ten-story moment-resisting concrete frames one bare frame and one infill frame with the same building layouts. The “Diagonal Strut Method” provides infill. This study compares the damage conditions of the infill and bare frames. In both structures, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was carried out using three sets of repeated ground motion records. Incremental dynamic analysis was performed using SAP2000. Based on the IDA curve, the primary guidelines for developing fragility curves are Immediate occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS), and Collapse prevention (CP). The IDA Curves were used to determine the maximum inter-story drift percentage at each storey level and the placement of plastic hinges for both frames. The probability of meeting or exceeding the damage state was calculated from the fragility curves. According to the comparative study, the infill frame performs 60% better than that of the bare frame. Therefore, for all damage states, RC frames with infill walls are seismically stronger than RC frames without infill walls.