Even today, despite the development of new technologies for evaluation of neonatal brain function, neonatal EEG remains one of the most valuable, diagnostic, and prognostic tools in clinical practice. The background EEG activity is a more reliable predictor of outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) than are either traditional neurological examinations or the presence/absence of neonatal seizures. This is true not only of full-term but also of preterm infants. EEG serves as the gold standard when diagnosing neonatal seizures. Nowadays, many NICUs are equipped with user-friendly devices, such as amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) systems, which greatly aid screening. Contemporaneously, the use of conventional EEG in NICUs is on the rise. When both modalities are effectively combined, neonatal EEGs become even more valuable in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. It is hoped that, in future, the numbers of NICUs that engage in continuous EEG monitoring with simultaneous video-recording will rise.