Neonatal seizures are important indications of CNS involvement in the newborn. Therefore, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are crucial. As outlined below, EEG plays a decisive role in diagnosing neonatal seizures and determining the efficacy of treatment. In infants with neonatal seizures, ictal EEGs are important. As therapeutic hypothermia becomes more widely adopted, the importance of EEG monitoring in neonates has become increasingly recognized. Ictal EEG is now commonly performed, and its interpretation requires a knowledge set that differs from that needed for interictal EEG evaluation.