India’s vegetable production has doubled since the start of this century; the credit for which goes mainly to the private seed companies. The vegetable sector, which depends very much on the availability of good quality seeds, has gone through several transformations over the past few decades, like the growing penetration of the organized sector, growth in contract and protected vegetable farming, rise in exports of vegetables and vegetable seeds, use of high-yielding seeds, and an increasing role of the private sector in processing, branding, and marketing. Breeding efforts of both the public and private sectors are focused on enhancing the productivity and quality of vegetables. Development of region-specific varieties and hybrids by the private sector with higher-yield potential and resistance to biotic/abiotic stresses has been contributing to the enhanced growth. Vegetable breeding and the breeding researches have been a collective responsibility of public organizations and private enterprises, with growing partnership and convergence of the two in the recent years. The New Policy on Seed Development, 1988 (NPSD 1988) also stimulated the entrance of various corporates and MNCs into the market. The private sector has been playing a vital role in the supply of quality seeds of vegetables in the country. The demand for Indian vegetable seeds is growing significantly in the neighboring countries owing to the quality and better yielding capacity. The private sector’s research focus has been on developing varieties/hybrids with resistance to pests, diseases, and climatic extremities. In view of the limitation on increasing the area under cultivation for vegetables, production can be increased only by increasing the productivity, which has brought forth the need for greater adoption of hybrids. The demand for vegetable hybrid seeds has increased over the years and the private sector is investing resources and manpower to develop innovative hybrids and provide quality seeds in sufficient quantities to meet the growing demands. As a result, there has been a significant hybridization-driven growth in vegetable seed sector over the last decade. Most of the vegetable seed companies in the country are focused on the development of superior hybrids of hot pepper (chili), tomato, okra, brinjal (eggplant), cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, onion, melons, and gourds. This chapter captures the significant milestones and achievements in these vegetables.