With the increasing environmental pollution caused by human activities, there is a need for new and effective approaches to monitor and remove contaminants from the environment. Nanoparticle-enhanced sensing is an emerging technology that holds great promise for efficient environmental remediation. Nanoparticles have unique physicochemical properties that make them attractive for environmental sensing and remediation applications. They can be engineered to have specific surface properties, which allow them to interact with various pollutants and facilitate their removal from the environment. This book chapter aims to explore the potential of nanoparticles based enhanced sensing for efficient environmental remediation. It provides an overview of the different types of nanoparticles that have been developed for environmental sensing and remediation, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, and polymer nanoparticles. The chapter also discusses the different mechanisms by which nanoparticles can enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of environmental sensors, such as surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence quenching, and electrochemical detection. In addition, the chapter highlights some of the recent advances in nanoparticle-enabled sensing technologies for environmental monitoring, including the use of functionalized nanoparticles for detecting specific pollutants, the development of nanoparticle-based biosensors for detecting biological contaminants, and the integration of nanoparticles with microfluidic devices for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the potential challenges and limitations of nanoparticle-enhanced sensing for environmental remediation, such as the potential toxicity of some types of nanoparticles and the need for further research to optimize the design and performance of nanoparticle-based sensors. Overall, this book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in nanoparticle-enhanced sensing for efficient environmental remediation and highlights the potential for this technology to contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment.