Sesame, the queen of oilseed crops, boasts a wide range of adaptability to different agro-climates and is cultivated in India due to its market value, high-quality oil, and nutritional content. Some significant factors contributing to low sesame productivity include improper cultivation practices and the selection of cultivars. It holds a prominent position in global agriculture as an ancient oilseed crop valued for its edible oil, proteins, vitamins, and amino acids. This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the agro-techniques employed in sesame cultivation, aiming to consolidate current knowledge and advancements in the field. The components of sesame cultivation, including soil management techniques for optimal growth conditions, criteria for selecting high-quality seeds, innovative planting methods, and efficient irrigation strategies, are explored. Nutrient management practices, pest and disease control measures, and harvesting techniques are also examined to offer a holistic understanding of sesame agro-techniques. Additionally, sustainable approaches to mitigate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed, acknowledging the importance of environmentally friendly practices in modern agriculture. The integration of precision farming technologies and advancements in agronomy is also explored, emphasizing their role in enhancing sesame yield and quality. By highlighting the significance of agro-techniques, this chapter aims to foster sustainable and efficient sesame cultivation, ensuring the continued prosperity of this ancient oilseed crop in contemporary agriculture.