Sesame is a highly profitable crop for farmers and can be grown with minimal resources. It is not only a good source of protein but also contains essential minerals, like magnesium and calcium, as well as plant compounds such as lignans and phytosterols that have cholesterol-lowering effects. Incorporating sesame seeds into the diet is easy, as they can be added to salads and smoothies, or used as a delicious topping for bread and other baked goods. Sesame seeds offer numerous health benefits and are becoming increasingly popular in the global market due to growing health consciousness. However, the production, cultivation, and processing of sesame crops face several challenges that impact yield, including unpredictable climate shifts, biotic and abiotic factors, postharvest practices, and inadequate crop management. To increase sesame yield, it is crucial to adopt modern strategies such as improved production methods, genetic enhancement, the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and desiccants, genetic transformation, and direct organogenesis. This study aims to address these challenges and provide recommendations for enhancing sesame productivity through sustainable agricultural practices.