Sesame residue, a solid by-product of sesame oil production, holds potential as a thermochemical feedstock for the production of carbon materials and biofuels. The distribution of products obtained from sesame residue pyrolysis is mainly influenced by cracking reactions, particularly at high pyrolysis temperatures and rapid heating rates. This is attributed to the higher content of aliphatic alkanes and N-containing organics present in sesame residue compared to traditional biomass. Notably, the bio-oil derived from sesame residue pyrolysis exhibits distinct characteristics due to the abundance of long-chain aliphatics. The organic components of sesame residue are generally not thermally stable, resulting in a significant portion being converted into volatile organics or gases during pyrolysis. This leads to the production of biochar with low carbon yield, low heating value, and limited energy yield. While sesame residue is primarily utilized for oil production through pressing or chemical refining, it also contains three types of sesame lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) and sesame protein, which are abundant in sesame meal. Sesame meal, due to its balanced amino acid composition and protein content, is often incorporated into animal feed and serves as a dietary supplement for human consumption, along with soybean protein obtained through physical and enzymatic methods. Extracted sesame lignans have demonstrated various biological properties, including antihypertensive, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering activities. Additionally, sesame lignan is utilized to enhance the oxidative stability of oils. This chapter aims to provide theoretical guidance for the effective utilization of sesame meal by summarizing its production, extraction techniques, functional properties, comprehensive utilization, applications, and future perspectives of value-added products. Furthermore, the chapter explores different production methods employed to extract and utilize the valuable components of sesame waste, offering insights into the sustainable utilization of this resource and its economic potential.