Industrial wastewater poses a significant threat to our environment due to its complex and often toxic nature. Conventional treatment methods may not be efficient or sustainable for all types of industrial effluents. This chapter explores the promising potential of electrochemical wastewater treatment as a versatile and environmentally friendly alternative. We delve into the fundamental principles of various electrochemical techniques. Each technique’s suitability and key applications across diverse industries are discussed, highlighting examples from textile, metal finishing, petroleum, pharmaceutical, and food processing sectors. The chapter further examines the advantages of electrochemical treatment compared to conventional methods, such as reduced sludge generation, minimized chemical usage, and potential for resource recovery. Key economic and operational considerations, including energy consumption and electrode selection, are also addressed. Finally, the chapter explores the current challenges and future directions for research and development in electrochemical wastewater treatment. The focus on improving process efficiency, optimizing electrode materials, and integrating with other technologies toward holistic water management is emphasized. By providing a comprehensive overview and valuable insights, this chapter aims to encourage and accelerate the adoption of electrochemical wastewater treatment across various industries, contributing to a more sustainable future.