This paper presents a comparative study of four control techniques: proportional-integral (PI) control, sliding mode control (SMC), Lyapunov function-based control and model predictive control (MPC). The proposed approach uses performance evaluations under dynamic conditions, including variable load profiles. Evaluation criteria include response time, reference tracking, stability and computational efficiency, implemented using Matlab/Simulink as the simulation environment. In addition, the paper proposes a comparison of these control techniques on the basis of their respective advantages and disadvantages, while identifying the most appropriate applications for each controller in the context of hybrid fuel cell/battery systems. Particular focus is placed on their suitability in the context of fuel cell electric vehicles, given their inherent dynamics.