The development of a bioeconomy in the Global South offers significant opportunities for sustainable development by leveraging abundant natural resources and biodiversity. This chapter highlights the various processes that underpin the bioeconomy development, emphasizing their relevance, challenges, and potential in regions such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of key processes, including biomass collection, conversion technologies, bio-refining, and waste valorization, highlighting how these processes contribute to sustainable development goals. Special attention is given to the role of technological advancements, such as biotechnological innovations, mechanical and chemical processing, and circular economy models, in optimizing these processes and enhancing their sustainability and economic viability. The chapter also examines socio-technical transitions and community-based processes, emphasizing the importance of local stakeholder engagement and the socioeconomic benefits of community-driven biomass projects. Furthermore, the chapter reviews the policy and regulatory frameworks that support bioeconomic processes in the Global South, identifying key challenges, such as regulatory barriers and market development issues, and proposing strategies for policy improvement. It concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities associated with developing a sustainable bioeconomy in the Global South, including technological and economic barriers, environmental and social considerations, and potential areas for growth. By exploring these themes, the chapter provides an understanding of the bioeconomy landscape in the Global South and offers recommendations for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of bioeconomic processes. The findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to foster sustainable bioeconomic development, positioning the Global South as a leader in this emerging field.