This chapter gives a detailed description of the concept of bioeconomy resources and the technologies and trends in the Global South region. It also includes the importance of the production of food, services, and materials in an eco-friendly manner inclusive of maintaining a sustainable environment for all. These resources include agriculture, forestry, and aquatic. Bioeconomy technologies in the Global South have useful applications in renewable technologies, renewable energy, and biorefineries are useful in different disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry, agriculture, biotechnology, bioresource management, energy, and ecology. Some factors influencing bioeconomy development like poverty, food security, biodiversity/climate change, affordable /clean energy, and water scarcity were discussed. Successful case studies in some countries of the Global South like India with the Biodiesel Project, Bangladesh with the Community-Based Aquaculture Projects, Brazil with the Sugarcane Ethanol Industry, and Costa Rica with the Sustainable Forestry Management were also documented. Based on the opportunities available, the chapter recommends that all countries desirous of economic growth and development should urgently key into bioeconomy resources for their advancement and environmental sustainability.