Achieving food security and adopting resilient agricultural practices present a significant challenge for developing nations in the Global South, where populations often rely heavily on agriculture for their livelihoods. This chapter undertakes an in-depth examination of the transformative potential of biostimulants, with a particular focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as indispensable tools to address these pressing issues and cultivate a more sustainable and robust bioeconomy. By delving into the intricate physiological mechanisms governing their interactions with plant roots, this chapter endeavors to elucidate how these microbial allies enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and hormonal regulation within plants. AMF form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, extending their reach and facilitating the acquisition of essential nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil, even in resource-limited environments. PGPR colonize the rhizosphere and produce various compounds that bolster plant resilience against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. Through the modulation of hormonal regulation, these microbial partners can promote root growth, stimulate nutrient uptake, and enhance overall plant health. By bolstering these essential processes, AMF and PGPR contribute to increased crop yield, improved plant development, and, ultimately, a more resilient and sustainable bioeconomy in developing nations. This profound understanding not only offers insights into the intricate workings of these biostimulants but also holds significant value for developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategies to enhance agricultural productivity in resource-limited regions. Furthermore, by promoting sustainable food security and economic growth, these strategies empower the Global South to actively engage in and benefit from a thriving bioeconomy. This not only enhances food security but also contributes to poverty alleviation, social inclusion, and overall socio-economic development in the region. By leveraging the synergies between biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, and socioeconomic empowerment, the integration of biostimulants into agricultural practices becomes a crucial component of fostering a more sustainable and equitable bioeconomy in the Global South.