Introduction: The Development of Ancient China’s Philosophy of the Heartmind—From Confucius’ Grounding in Humane Care to Wang Yangming’s Grounding in Innate Moral Consciousness
摘要
Ancient Chinese Confucianism is essentially a humanistic moral philosophy of the “heartmind” (xin) and “nature” (xing). It lays great emphasis on the study of these two concepts and grapples with the fundamental questions they raise. Philosophically speaking, the Confucian concept of the “heartmind” refers to the human spirit, namely, a spiritual self (or the mind-self; what Wang Yangming calls the so-called true-I or true self).