Political Challenges Impacting Institutional Quality and Economic Freedom in the KRI

This chapter investigates the impacts of political challenges on the economic freedom and institutional quality of KRI’s economic growth. The main goal is to evaluate Kurdistan’s institutional framework, governance, and sustainable development. The methodology applies an analysis of governance tools, political structures, and economic growth, and business indicators of the KRI and compare them with the Iraq and global context. This chapter provides a detailed shift of KRI’s economy from independent to dependent economy after 2020. The findings show prominent institutional weakness, including rent-seeking, political manipulation, and lack of organizations effectiveness that impede economic growth.