This chapter highlights the ambiguity surrounding the merger of Islamism with state nationalism, which constitutes a central element in Pakistanis’ quest for identity and, consequently, their political discourse. It explains that in defining themselves as a nation, Pakistanis struggle with the complex interplay between Pakistani Muslim nationalism and the broader concept of a transnational Ummah, while simultaneously struggling to locate the lack in their Muslim national identity. At times, emphasizing Pakistan’s unique identity within the Ummah, they seek to forge connections with non-Arab Muslim states, directing antagonism toward Arab states. Conversely, they may present Pakistanis as staunch advocates for Muslim unity, criticizing all major Muslim powers for perpetuating sectarian divisions. However, when contrasting Pakistan with India or the West, they dissolve their distinction within the Ummah, assuming the role of a representative or even leader of the Ummah confronting the alleged atrocities of Hindu India and the secular West.