The North East region of India is experiencing notable transformations in its energy sector, driven by economic development, technological progress, and environmental concerns. Historically reliant on biomass, the region is transitioning to modern energy sources such as fossil fuels and renewable(s) due to urbanization and industrial growth. This shift aims to achieve energy security and economic progress while addressing environmental issues. Prominent trends include a rise in fossil fuel consumption in the transportation and industrial sectors, resulting in air pollution, increased carbon emissions, and dependency on imported fuels. Balancing the economic advantages of fossil fuel use with the need for environmental sustainability presents a significant policy challenge. Additionally, the region is harnessing its renewable energy resources, such as hydropower, solar, wind, and biomass, to diversify its energy portfolio and reduce carbon emissions. Efforts like small hydro projects, solar installations, and biomass technologies are gaining traction, improving energy security and promoting environmental conservation.