The rapid increase in the population over a few decades enhanced the stress on natural resources. The over-exploitation of these resources creates problems like environmental pollution and climate change. The demand on biotic resources by humans has shown by the ecological footprint. It has its roots in human needs, which lead to ecological pressures that modify ecosystems, including changes in land use, resource exploitation and depletion (such as deforestation and overfishing), waste emissions, and changes in the behavior and movement of organisms. By contrast, the term “Carbon Footprint” refers to the carbon portion of the Ecological Footprint. It makes the 60% of humanity’s ecological footprint. The total quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) released by an activity, either directly, indirectly, or cumulatively, during the course of a product’s life cycle is referred to as its “carbon footprint” (goods and services). This includes activities made by individuals, groups of individuals, governments, organizations, procedures, various industries, and so forth. To account for the differing impacts of other greenhouse gases on global warming, it is represented in grams of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt-hour of generation (gCO2 eq/Kwh). The fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that in order to prevent the worst effects of climate change and global warming, the global temperature increase must be kept to less than 2 °C over preindustrial levels. The severity of these issues has already been seen in extreme weather events, loss of snow cover, permafrost, and melting of glaciers. Sea levels tend to rise at a pace of 3 mm per year due to negative mass balance, which mostly affects the Antarctic, Greenland, and Arctic glaciers. These phenomena can affect 1–2 billion people directly and indirectly, including loss of biodiversity, crop productivity, water stress, etc. To limit the ecological and carbon footprint, using renewable energy sources in the context of energy security, energy availability, and social and economic development, plays a significant role. Some modern methods used in separating or absorbing CO2 at its source can be a critical step towards lowering the ecological and carbon footprint. This chapter suggests measures to cut ecological and carbon footprints caused due to anthropogenic activities based on energy efficiency, renewable energy, carbon capture and storage, etc.