Over the past 20 years, research in the field of dry eye disease has made continuous efforts to better define and conceptualize the disease, which resulted in significant advancements in its evaluation techniques. In the West and Asia, core concepts, definitions, and diagnostic criteria of dry eye disease have rapidly evolved over the last decade. Unfortunately, owing to its highly multifactorial nature and the myriad test procedures currently available for its assessment, dry eye disease currently lacks a global standard for its diagnosis. The prevalence of dry eye disease is also likely projected to increase owing to the aging society and digital age necessitating increased on-screen time, which is currently known to be associated with dry eye disease. Therefore, efforts to create a global standard for defining dry eye disease and its diagnosis are crucial to prepare for the expected increased need for its management. In this chapter, we aim to compare various core concepts and management approaches for dry eye disease in the West and Asian countries with a focus on Japan. One notable example of a Western approach to dry eye disease treatment is juxtaposed to tear film-oriented therapy primarily practiced in Asia, especially in Japan. The similarities and differences between the treatment approaches were compared.