A new type of MXenes has captured a significant research interest across a broad spectrum of fields such as catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, membrane-based separation, and sensor. This interest is driven by their excellent physicochemical properties and diverse chemical compositions. Recently, innovative surface functionalization techniques which are polymerization of surface and doping single heteroatom have been introduced to strengthen the capability of MXenes in various fields. The practical use of MXenes hinges on their ability to be synthesized and remain stable with tunable properties under specific conditions. The overview of the methods used to fabricate MXenes, illustrating various types of MXene crystals and highlighting precise control over their size, morphology, and thickness, has been discussed in this chapter. Typically, the resulting MXene structure is a stack of these layers, exhibiting properties, such as mechanical flexibility, high conductivity, and adjustable surface chemistry. The chapter also delves into the functionalization of MXenes, discussing how these processes can be tailored to achieve specific properties. Additionally, it investigates the connection between the functionalization of surface and the physicochemical characteristics of MXenes, aiming to develop biocompatible composites and platforms that possess unique properties, high stability, and multiple functions. The chapter concludes by discussing the challenges and potential prospects for the future advancement of MXenes.