The major abiotic stresses that are limiting the production of pulse crops are drought, waterlogging, salt and extremely high or low temperatures. Climate change is predicted to intensify these abiotic pressures in different ways around the world in terms of time and space. Understanding how abiotic stresses affect the main pulse crops is crucial for efficient management in adverse agro-ecologies. These crops are essential to millions of people’s daily diets worldwide and agricultural systems. Abiotic stress-prone locations are used to cultivate major pulses. The mechanisms underlying crop plants’ ability to withstand abiotic stress remain unclear despite substantial research. Plants can respond to and adapt to abiotic stress by initiating a number of chemical, cellular and physiological changes. Abiotic stress reduces the water availability to plant roots by increasing the concentration of water-soluble salts in the soil, leading to an elevation in osmotic pressure outside the root system. Alterations in plant physiological processes can occur due to reduced water potential, leaf osmotic potential and relative water content, besides nutritional imbalance and increased relative stress damage, either individually or in combination. The length of the roots and shoots, the number of leaves, the buildup of secondary metabolites [glycine betaine, proline, MDA and abscisic acid (ABA)] in the plant and the source-to-sink ratio are some of the biochemical and morphological changes. There is a chance to increase crop resistance to abiotic challenges, according to recent research on how plants respond to abiotic stressors. Stress tolerance research has not only helped us understand how stress-responsive genes are controlled at the molecular level, but it has also helped us understand how plants show tolerance-related traits. A number of these studies have opened up new avenues for investigating the molecular underpinnings of plant stress responses as well as for finding novel features and related genes for crop plant genetic improvement. This chapter focuses on the adaptation of pulse crops to abiotic stresses, specifically examining the alterations in morphology, physiology, molecular biology and biochemistry. Additionally, it investigates new possibilities to expedite our endeavours in identifying desirable traits and genes linked to stress tolerance.