Minor pulses are crucial for nutrition and sustainable agriculture; yet, limited resources and inherent challenges hindered their genetic enhancement. However, recent advances in next-generation breeding tools are thought to be an encouraging solution. This chapter explores how genomics, molecular biology, and precision breeding can be applied to minor pulse crops, ensuring global food security and environmental sustainability. Cutting-edge techniques like genotyping, genome sequencing, and high-throughput phenotyping have revolutionized our grasp of genetic diversity and adaptive mechanisms within minor pulse species. Methods such as genome editing, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and genomic prediction are enhancing breeding efficiency and facilitating the development of high-yielding, nutritionally rich, and stress-tolerant varieties. Additionally, these tools contribute to sustainable agriculture by producing pulse varieties resilient to climate change and efficient in resource use, aligning with global efforts to mitigate environmental impacts. In conclusion, next-generation breeding tools offer immense promise for significant impacts on global agriculture and nutrition. By harnessing the power of genomics and precision breeding, we can unlock the latent potential of minor pulses, thereby advancing toward a more sustainable and food-secure future.