This chapter scrutinises the issues related to the halal industry, halal standards and halalisation, with special attention given to the nature of Islamic law (syariah) compliance in two contrasting countries, Malaysia and Japan. The former is a Muslim-majority country while the latter has a tiny Muslim population. The analysis opens with a discussion of contemporary syariah having a dual nature—one dimension being statutory law and the other possessing ethical and legal force in society. Halal standards have been discussed in the literature as part of governmental regulations in Muslim countries, notably the authority scholars (ulama) who are recognised as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology, as exemplified in the case of Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia). In Japan, the Muslim demand for halal food and other products has met with a response that reflects the commercial needs of the country, in which the government and local authorities favour fostering the halal industry to welcome Muslim visitors as part of the global tourism boom. Here the second nature of syariah, as a social force, plays a positive role. The comparison between Malaysia and Japan generates significant implications for understanding the nature of halalisation and halal standards in contemporary industrial and social contexts.