The Soil Health Card Programme was launched in 2015 to promote balanced and integrated soil nutrient management based on soil testing which will promote judicious fertilizer use and maintain soil health and help in the assessment of nutritional status of every farm holding across the nation. The study focuses on fertilizer use and soil testing in Bihar up to period 2012–13 (based on primary survey). It also examines ‘Soil Health Card Scheme’, and SWOT analysis of Centrally sponsored Soil Health Card Scheme (CSSHCS) in the state based on secondary data for the period 2014–15 to 2019–20. The study finds ‘increasing yield of crop’ to be the most important reason in going for testing of soil, while far away location of soil testing labs was a major reason mentioned by majority of sample households in not going for testing of soil. Small and medium size farm holders obtained maximum productivity and average value of output for wheat and paddy crops. Farmers going for soil tests were able to generate higher productivity and received higher value s for their produce compared to their counterparts. The study suggests measures, like making soil testing exercise farmer- friendly, spreading awareness about the advantages and desirability of soil testing, running soil health card scheme on small scale, linking PMKY with SHC, etc.