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This chapter focuses on employee-oriented CSR practices, equal opportunities (EO) manifested through workplace diversity and work–life balance (WLB) of workers and examines the relationship between firms’ internal stakeholder engagement and organizational productivity. EO and WLB practices are key determinants of employees’ willingness and capabilities to commit to the organization. We use total factor productivity (TFP) as a proxy for productivity-based organizational outcomes by reflecting the intangible resources of intellectual capital. Our findings demonstrate that WLB practices, both independently and synergistically with EO initiatives, significantly enhance TFP. We highlight the strategic importance of employee engagement that integrates workplace diversity and work–life quality to drive creativity and efficiency, which are essential for Japanese firms navigating global technological competition. Additionally, we reveal that the impact of the combined WLB and EO practices on employee commitment varies by firm size, development stage, and industry characteristics.

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Diversity in the Workplace, Work–Life Balance, and Organizational Productivity

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Megumi Suto,
  • Hitoshi Takehara

摘要

This chapter focuses on employee-oriented CSR practices, equal opportunities (EO) manifested through workplace diversity and work–life balance (WLB) of workers and examines the relationship between firms’ internal stakeholder engagement and organizational productivity. EO and WLB practices are key determinants of employees’ willingness and capabilities to commit to the organization. We use total factor productivity (TFP) as a proxy for productivity-based organizational outcomes by reflecting the intangible resources of intellectual capital. Our findings demonstrate that WLB practices, both independently and synergistically with EO initiatives, significantly enhance TFP. We highlight the strategic importance of employee engagement that integrates workplace diversity and work–life quality to drive creativity and efficiency, which are essential for Japanese firms navigating global technological competition. Additionally, we reveal that the impact of the combined WLB and EO practices on employee commitment varies by firm size, development stage, and industry characteristics.