In this chapter, we discuss the essence of bio-based industries in driving sustainable economic growth in the Global South. Resources of the traditional fossil fuel become increasingly depleted and environmental concerns rise; the promising alternative is revealed when there is a shift toward bio-based industries. These industries leverage renewable biological resources to produce a variety of goods, including biodegradable polymers, biofuels, and bio-based chemicals, which serve as ecologically friendly alternates for petrochemical products. The chapter also discusses the types of feedstocks utilized by bio-based industries, such as plant, animal, and microbial sources, and emphasizes the importance of establishing sustainable and efficient supply chains. The technological advancements in converting biomass into valuable products and energy forms, such as biodiesel and ethanol, are explored, stressing the potential economic and biological benefits. The Global South faces substantial challenges in adopting bio-based industries, even though it has a promising outlook. These challenges include technological barriers, resource management issues, and the impact of global trade dynamics. The perceptions’ importance of market acceptance for bio-based products is also addressed in this chapter. This is crucial for driving demand and fostering industry development. Global South economic strength can improve because of adoption of bio-based solutions, create jobs opportunities, and reduce carbon footprint. In this chapter, there is a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future projections of bio-based industries in the Global South. It examines the visions into how these industries can enhance sustainability and a prosperous future.