The link between processing techniques and efficiency differentials among rice processors significantly influences the quality of processed rice. However, limited information exists on this connection, necessitating this research review. Research articles on rice processing, techniques of rice processing, and efficiency of processing were studied to understand the differentials among techniques. This research review was able to deduce that efforts to enhance rice processing efficiency in Nigeria have been underway, driven by government programs, infrastructure investment, and mechanization promotion. This has been fueled by initiatives such as the Rice Transformation Agenda, the Anchor Borrowers’ Program, etc. seeking to boost domestic production and reduce reliance on imports. Rice processors’ socioeconomic characteristics (age of processors, educational status, experience in processing, membership of association) and processing characteristics (distance to processing centers, access to paddy, access to credit, etc.) were major determinants of the efficiency of rice processing in the country. Additionally, we found out that private sector investments in modern milling facilities and technology adoption have improved efficiency and quality standards in the industry. Despite progress, challenges persist. Inadequate infrastructure, finance limitations, high energy, spare parts and transportation costs, and losses during processing have been found to hamper optimal efficiency. Therefore, addressing these hurdles necessitates collaborative efforts involving rice processors’ groups, government, the private sector, other stakeholders, and development partners fostering sustainable growth in the rice value chain.