Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Gut Dysbiosis: Implications in Colon Cancer Prevention and Treatment

The human gut is home to a complex and diverse microbial community known as the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in various aspects of host health and physiology. An imbalance in the microbiome in the gut causes gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis has been associated with various diseases and health issues, ranging from gastrointestinal disorders to metabolic, immunological, and neurological conditions. It has been found that alterations in the microbiome of the human gut contribute to the development of various diseases such as colon cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Dietary phytochemicals (DPCs) are an abundant source of nutrients to the human body that are known to possess a wider range of beneficial effects. The role of DPCs in managing the gut biome is illustrated through a range of molecular mechanisms and pathways involving inhibitory and inductive events that in turn has a reaching effect on the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. The findings affirm that DPCs offer promising advancements in the field of treating colon cancer due to their potent effects comparable to market drugs with extraction technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave extraction, and ultrasonic extraction.