Probiotics with Preventive and Therapeutic Potential for Colorectal Cancer: An Emphasis on Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Properties

Cancer is a growing global health problem, contributing to higher rates of morbidity and mortality with each passing year. The colorectal cancer ranks the third most among the cancer types, caused due to various genetic and epigenetic factors. Currently used cancer therapies are effective; however, their toxicity and side effects diminish the quality of life. Of note, probiotics are known for their beneficial effects on gut health, and immunomodulation, with little or no side effects. This chapter focuses on the immunomodulatory and anti-oncogenic traits of probiotics and their metabolites. The use of probiotics as therapeutic and preventive options might pose challenges and limitations. The selection of appropriate probiotic strains based on their anti-oncogenic effects, proper dosage, and treatment duration is critical. Therefore, future research should focus on clinical trials to evaluate safety and efficacy of probiotics in treatment of colorectal cancer.