Targeted Drug Delivery: Amyloid Beta Targeting Drugs, Immunotherapy, Anti-Tau and Aggregation Inhibitor, Microtubule-Stabilizing, and Neuroinflammation Modulation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread neurological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, resulting in loss of synapses and neuronal death. This ultimately results in cognitive impairment and dementia. The main building blocks of the plaques and tangles are the tau protein and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide respectively. Current AD treatments help alleviate memory problems and other cognitive abnormalities for a short while, but they cannot stop or reverse the disease’s progression. In addition, the disease’s complicated pathophysiology has made it difficult to understand, which may be the prime reason for the failure of AD treatment development. Nevertheless, ongoing preclinical and clinical investigations promise to elucidate disease pathways and provide recommendations for AD diagnosis and medication development techniques. This chapter reviews a number of potential approaches being researched to delay or halt the progression of AD, including immunotherapy, anti-tau and aggregation inhibitors, amyloid beta targeting therapies, and neuroinflammation regulation. It sheds light on ways in which various medications work, their benefits and drawbacks, and the difficulties of delivering certain medications to the central nervous system. This chapter also describes upcoming directions for creating more potent treatments for neurodegenerative illnesses and highlights recent developments in the field.