Fisheries (along with aquaculture and other related activities) provide income and support the livelihoods of numerous communities across the world. They are clearly vital to coastal countries’ economies and food security, but unfortunately under significant pressure by an important threat: Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. This international menace is rapidly depleting fish stocks, undermining ecosystems, and is often linked with organized crime. Chile, with its extensive coastline along the rich and abundant South Pacific Ocean, and large Exclusive Economic Zone, has developed a robust national legal framework to combat IUU fishing, together with regional and international agreements and collaboration. This paper examines national legislation, including the Fisheries and Aquaculture General Act and several other relevant regulations, along with the country’s participation in regional organizations such as the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), to assess their effectiveness in tackling IUU fishing. By examining the role of the Chilean Navy, the use of the related capacities and platforms, as well as existing surveillance capabilities, this paper further identifies various related operational aspects and limitations of combating IUU fishing within jurisdictional waters and beyond.